Orthographic

This is a perspective projection like the general perspective, but with the difference that the point of perspective lies in infinite distance. It is therefore often used to give the appearance of a globe viewed from outer space, were one hemisphere can be seen as a whole. It is neither conformal nor equal-area and the distortion increases near the edges.

glon0/lat0[/horizon]/scale or Glon0/lat0[/horizon]/width

g or G specifies the projection type, lon0/lat0 specifies the projection center, the optional parameter horizon specifies the maximum distance from projection center (in degrees, <= 90, default 90), and scale and width set the figure size.

import pygmt

fig = pygmt.Figure()
fig.coast(projection="G10/52/12c", region="g", frame="g", land="gray")
fig.show()