Scatter plot with histograms

To create a scatter plot with histograms at the sides of the plot one can use pygmt.Figure.plot in combination with pygmt.Figure.histogram. The positions of the histograms are plotted by offsetting them from the main scatter plot figure using pygmt.Figure.shift_origin.

import numpy as np
import pygmt

# Generate random data from a standard normal distribution centered on 0
# with a standard deviation of 1
rng = np.random.default_rng(seed=19680801)
x = rng.normal(loc=0, scale=1, size=1000)
y = rng.normal(loc=0, scale=1, size=1000)

# Get axis limits
xymax = max(np.max(np.abs(x)), np.max(np.abs(y)))


fig = pygmt.Figure()
fig.basemap(
    region=[-xymax - 0.5, xymax + 0.5, -xymax - 0.5, xymax + 0.5],
    projection="X10c/10c",
    frame=["WSrt", "a1"],
)

fillcol = "seagreen"

# Plot data points as circles with a diameter of 0.15 centimeters
fig.plot(x=x, y=y, style="c0.15c", fill=fillcol, transparency=50)

# Shift the plot origin and add top margin histogram
fig.shift_origin(yshift="10.25c")

fig.histogram(
    projection="X10c/2c",
    frame=["Wsrt", "xf1", "y+lCounts"],
    # Give the same value for ymin and ymax to have ymin and ymax
    # calculated automatically
    region=[-xymax - 0.5, xymax + 0.5, 0, 0],
    data=x,
    fill=fillcol,
    pen="0.1p,white",
    histtype=0,
    series=0.1,
)

# Shift the plot origin and add right margin histogram
fig.shift_origin(yshift="-10.25c", xshift="10.25c")

fig.histogram(
    horizontal=True,
    projection="X2c/10c",
    # Note that the y-axis annotation "Counts" is shown in x-axis direction
    # due to the rotation caused by horizontal=True
    frame=["wSrt", "xf1", "y+lCounts"],
    region=[-xymax - 0.5, xymax + 0.5, 0, 0],
    data=y,
    fill=fillcol,
    pen="0.1p,white",
    histtype=0,
    series=0.1,
)

fig.show()